The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay -- Things

More than those of any other African writer, Chinua Achebe’s writings have helped to develop what is known as African literature today. And the single book which has helped him to launch his "revolution" is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebe's portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absence of a moderating female principle in his fictions; 3) Achebe's progressively changing attitude towards women s roles; and 4) feminist prospects for African women. In the context of this study, the Igbo people whom Achebe describes will represent the rest of Nigeria -- and a great many of the nations of Africa. Sociocultural Background Were Nigeria and Africa oppressively masculinist? The answer is, "Yes." Ghana was known to have some matrilineal societies, such as the Akans; but Nigeria's traditional culture, Muslim as well as non-Muslim, had been masculine-based even before the advent of the white man. The source, nature, and extent of female subordination and oppression have constituted a vexed problem in African literary debates. Writers such as Ama Ata Aidoo of Ghana and the late Flora Nwapa of Nigeria have insisted that the image of the helpless, dependent, unproductive African woman was one ushered in by European imperialists whose women lived that way. On the other hand, the Nigerian-born, expatriate writer Buchi Emecheta, along with other critics, maintains that African women were traditionally subordinated to sexist cultural mores. I ally myself to the latter camp. I believe that, in creating a masculine-based society, Ac... ...Function of Folk Tradition." Approaches To the African Novel: Essays in Analysis. London: Saros International, 1992. Nwapa, Flora.   Efuru.   London: Heinemann, 1966. ---.   Idu.   London: Heinemann, 1970. Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo.   "Women and Nigerian Literature." Perspectives on Nigerian Literature. Vol. 1.   Lagos, Nigeria: Guardian Books, 1988. Okonkwo, Juliet.   "The Talented Woman in African Literature." African Quarterly 15.1-2: pages. Rich, Adrienne.   Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution.   New York: Norton, 1976. Thiong o, Ngugi   wa.   Petals of Blood.   London: Heinemann, 1977. ---.   Devil on the Cross.   London: Heinemann, 1982.   Walker, Alice.   "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens." In Search of Our Mothers   Gardens: Womanist Prose. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1983.   231-243. Weinstock, Donald, and Cathy Ramadan.     

Quality Improvement Plan Final Essay

The journey of quality improvement is a responsibility of all those involved in patient care. At The Women’s Hospital (TWH) at Saint Joseph East (SJE) it was decided that a change in culture would be needed and focus was directed on decreasing the length of stay (LOS) for maternity patients. Quality process improvement is a formal approach to the analysis of performance and systematic efforts through a team approach to improve the outcomes for patients and staff (Spath, 2013). Types of Care The Women’s Hospital at SJE is a state-of-the-art free standing facility that provides exclusive care for the women of central and eastern Kentucky. Services include both high and low risk maternity care, a level three neonatal intensive care nursery, cardiology and rheumatology services, all exclusively specialized and conveniently under one roof for women. The mission of TWH is shared by the larger market based organization of Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI). As part of the mission statement of CHI and TWH the goal is to â€Å"†¦create healthier communities†, this is done through culture changing quality improvement processes such as decreasing the LOS (Catholic Health Initiatives [CHI], 2014, para. 1). The Women’s Hospital welcomes the chance to collaborate with SJE and other hospitals within CHI to offer quality improvement data while supporting the mission of the organization. Role of Consumers Health care is a business just like any other, with customers that have a choice where to obtain services. The customer is just beginning to become an integral part in the quality improvement process for health care. At TWH the role the patient and family plays will help to shape a culture of improved safety and quality of care. Patients and families are engaged in the quality improvement process through patient surveys, bedside reporting, and direct observation through patient rounding by nursing management. The organization of TWH practices transparency and public methodology. Quality results are reported and available through websites supported by agencies such The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, The Joint Commission and  the Kentucky Hospital Engagement Network. To assist the consumer in partnering with TWH in quality improvement the websites for TWH offer links to resources to navigate the websites that provide the reported quality data. Three Quality Indicators The organization has both internal and external accountability to quality indicators. External quality indicators are used by government agencies, third party payers and consumers to define a quality hospital stay (Kelly, 2011). The external indicators relevant to consumers for TWH include; overall patient satisfaction with hospital stay, infection rates for surgeries and patient satisfaction with nursing care. Knowing patient satisfaction with an organization, for those that are seeking similar services will allow a consumer to know if they will be able to have the desired experience at TWH. When infection rates are reported to external agencies it allows consumers to make informed decisions as to the safety of the care provided by TWH and speaks to the transparency of the quality improvement programs. Lastly, since everyone in the hospital will have contact with a nurse, the reporting of patient satisfaction with nursing care will promote the compassionate nursing culture of care available at TWH. Monitoring and reporting quality indicators externally allows the organization to know if the customer’s interests are being properly served. Stakeholders and the QI Process The Women’s Hospital at SJE takes a proactive approach to quality improvement. This approach means including all stakeholder involved in patient care; patients, managers, administration, medical staff, health insurers, accrediting agencies, and the mission team. In addition to patient surveys and manager rounding, TWH has a quarterly community group that meets to listen to the needs of its members. This multidisciplinary team is comprised of executive team associates, nursing staff, medical staff, former patients, commercial insurance representatives and is open to anyone interested in the community. Information learned in these meetings is then taken back the perinatal quality committee and serves as direction for future efforts of quality improvement initiatives. Jointly working to improve the quality of care will create an environment of trust between TWH  and the community served. In conclusion, the responsibility of quality improvement is shared by all members of the health care team and includes the patient. Importance and relevance of quality indicators is influenced by internal and external factors. At The Women’s Hospital, efforts are made to incorporate the role of the consumer in improving the quality of care delivered and through collaboration achieve optimal outcomes for both patient and caregiver. References Catholic Health Initiatives. (2014). About Us. Retrieved from http://www.catholichealth.net/mission-and-vision Kelly, D. L. (2011). Applying quality management in healthcare-A systems approach (3rd ed.). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. Spath, P. (2013). Introduction to healthcare quality management (2nd ed.). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database.

A Critical Discourse Analysis Framework Essay - 1077 Words

Methodology A critical discourse analysis framework News is manufactured industrially and deeply influenced by the bureaucratic and economic structure of the media industry, by relations between the media and other industries, and by relations with authoritative apparatuses and institutions such as government. It reflects the prevailing values of a society in a particular historical context and simultaneously shapes the society in return (Fowler, 1991/2013). Although we cannot simply suggest an explicit causal relation between structurally determined material and symbolic resources and the actual cultural practices, a pure linguistic analysis may still overlook the external constraints and the effects of the cultural practices. The embryo of cultural studies finds its roots in the historical context of a social structure shaped by industrial capitalism and the increasingly commercialized system of cultural production, distribution, and consumption. To some extent, the reference to power and struggle, domination and subordinations is the mantra to sustain and legitimatize the existing cultural studies literature (N. Graham, 1999). While avoiding the notion that Marxism and cultural studies form immediate affinity, cultural studies still has to establish itself as a ‘worldly’ vocation by coping with the tension between the study of the text and its affiliations with institutions, classes, nations, races, and genders, and etc. (Hall, 1999a). The representation of the HongShow MoreRelatedNew Caoleia Case Study997 Words   |  4 Pagesby a neo-imperialist agenda, but the standpoints advanced by the representatives of the main stakeholder groups involved in the plurilogical conflict between the French, Caldoche and Kanak communities were reconstructed from the perspective of a critical discussion between each of the protagonists and their audience, demonstrating the impact of some of the inferential meanings and perlocutionary acts on political action in terms of social change and decolonisation. The arguments put forward by theRead MoreThe Concept Of Abductive Methodology786 Words   |  4 Pageslook for patterns parallel to identity framework which is a conflict theory, it will also suggest possible hypothesis while analyzing the data available. Discourse analysis is a framework used to analyze written, vocal, or sign language. (Yatsko V.A, Integrational discourse analysis conception). Discourse analysis does not presuppose a bias towards the study of either spoken or written language (Stef Slembrouck as cited in Whittaker, O’Donnell, Hidalgo). Discourse is the conventional idea that writingRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis1510 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis Social communication is increasingly becoming a subject of scientists’ discussions from different disciplines, as well as ordinary language users.  In contemporary social sciences, especially in linguistics, we see a clear shift to discourse.  Discourse allows us to talk about use of the language, as well as the language as a socio-cultural activity.  In this sense, discourse, on one hand, reflects the social reality, on the other hand, it shapes it, therefore participateRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis1347 Words   |  6 Pages2.1. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA): 2.1.1. What is CDA? 2.1.1.1. Critical, discourse and analysis Before beginning to address what CDA is, it is important to be clear about what is meant by the concepts of critical, discourse, and analysis: The notion of ‘critical’ is primarily associated with the critical theory of the Frankfurt School where social theory should be oriented towards critiquing and changing society. In CDA, the concept of ‘critical’ is appliedRead MoreAnalysis Of Alison Lester s 2009-2010 Book Series1312 Words   |  6 PagesResearch question: Using an analysis of Alison Lester’s 2007-2008 book series, Bonnie and Sam, it is the aim to investigate if representations continue to construct and naturalise ‘traditionally acceptable models of gender’ in contemporary Australian children’s literature. Research background: Since the 1970s, there has been a significant increasing in academic interest surrounding gender in children’s literature. Peter Hunt (2009) argues literature has gained academic focus as society comes toRead MoreSocial Transformations Of New Capitalism1611 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscourse, and specifically discourse that reveals social transformations of New Capitalism, but to determine how societies work and produce both beneficial and detrimental effects and of how the detrimental effects can be mitigated if not eliminated (Christie, 2003, p. 203). Fairclough’s critical approach to texts societal elements affect personhood via discourse. Through his exploration of how the New Capitalism imposes constraints on individuals and societies, Fairclough argues that all peopleRead MoreThe Theory Of Indigenous Sovereignty937 Words   |  4 Pagessovereignty situated within the Judicio-political framework and the overall epistemological foundation upon which it is built. Her analysis is based on Foucault’s conceptual framework developed on the idea of race, sovereignty and war and several review of literature on the Australian critical witness concerning indigenous sovereignty. Aileen notes that many of these literature analyze and locate indigenous rights within the Judicio-political framework of law, rights and sovereignty. One of the limitationsRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis For An International Crisis Happening Thousands Miles Away Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesMethodology Critical discourse analysis For an international crisis happening thousands miles away, it is not sufficient to be understood without acknowledging itself as a mediated complex. From critical linguistics perspective, Fowler (1991/2013) believes â€Å"news is socially constructed. What events are reported is not a reflection of intrinsic importance of those events, but reveals the operation of a complex and artificial set of criteria for selection† (p. 2). â€Å"The news media select events forRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis ( Cda )1507 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach, which has been further developed on the basis of Discourse Analysis (DA) since 1970s. The insights have been expanded into a broader range of social, cultural, psychological and political practices. It is regarded as the textual study aiming to elucidate the abuses of power residing in the texts by analyzing linguistic/semiotic remarks in accordance with the existing (social, po litical, cultural, etc.) contexts in which those textsRead MoreA Critical Discourse Analysis ( Cda ) And Argumentation Theory860 Words   |  4 Pages The current empirical study constitutes a critical discourse analysis of part of the discourse that surrounds the New Caledonian independence issue. It aims to explore audience response to political speeches, to investigate how politicians attempt to persuade people to follow a particular course of action, to link the notions of discourse and action to the cognitive dimensions of ideology and presuppositions, to further clarify various contextual factors, such as power configurations, to describe

The Bible Among The Myths - 3214 Words

In The Bible Among the Myths, John N. Oswalt, opens up his book by establishing his expertise in the subject of the Ancient Near East (ANE). Oswalt started his study into the ANE at Asbury Theological Seminary. After attending Asbury Theological Seminary, he went to Brandeis University. This is where his fascination with the subjects and Ideas of the ANE started to grow. Oswalt eventually went on to teach at Asbury Theological Seminary, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and Wesley Biblical Seminary. In the beginning of the next paragraph Oswalt makes the attestation that while the information has stayed unaltered since the 1960s, the subject has changed. Researchers used to accept that the Old Testament was remarkable among alternate†¦show more content†¦While trying to help characterize the saying, he records four essential qualities of a myth. These qualities conclude that people have practically zero natural worth, the relative absence of enthusiasm toward history, fa scination of magic and the occult. and the refusal to acknowledge obligation regarding individual actions. The final part of the introduction deals with a serious claim. Oswalt strongly expresses that religious claims are unable to be separated from historical claims. He basically says that the trustworthiness of the religious issues is contingent upon the trustworthiness of the historical claims. If the historical claims are clearly false, then no belief should be given to the religious legal statements. However, if the historical descriptions are agreeing with what is known, then the religious issues should be taken seriously by the reader of the Bible. The Bible and Myth Chapter 1: The Bible in Its World The first chapter addresses the Bible in the connection of its surroundings and its commitment to society. Oswalt expresses that there are numerous commitments to the way the Western world perceives reality. The Bible, be that as it may, is the most essential contributor. The Greeks brought a type of feeling that had a significant effect on society. Three of their greatest commitments were: the belief in a universe rather than a polyverse, simple cause

Video Games And Its Effects On Children - 927 Words

Video games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completing important duties and dedicate all of their time playing video games. PlayStation and Xbox are some of the most popular video game consoles and for the past 30 years video games took part of many people’s daily activities especially the children. The video games, graphics and capabilities have increased tremendously particularly in the last decade. The first generation of video games thirty years ago was just simple geometric shapes controlled by the game player. However, the latest generation of games has graphics and capabilities that m imic real life scenarios. Hence, the games became even more popular among children, more worryingly the games have characters that the children’s view as heroes and role models. Today, it is not a surprise for a child to spend an average of several hours per day playing video games. When a child is playing the current generation of video games, they become immersed in a world of virtual reality, which may have a negative effect on a child if the game content is of a violent nature. Like the old sayingShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words   |  4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy children’s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as v ideo games is detrimental to the health and function of a child’sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an all-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of America’s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of today has developed in a way that even children are affected by technology. They enjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. 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Prenatal Screening Essay Example For Students

Prenatal Screening Essay Prenatal screeningScreening for Down syndrome is available to about 53.5% of mothers on a maternal age basis, and the remaining 46.5% of health boards provide serum screening for all ages. There are several methods used in prenatal screening, these are usually used separately, and a number of factors are taken into account to determine which method should be used. Amniocentesis has been around for 20 years and is probably the most well known screening method. It involves testing a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the foetus, ultrasound is used to guide a needle through the abdomen, into the womb and a small amount of amniotic fluid (20ml) is removed. The procedure is usually carried out at 14-16 weeks. Amniocentesis tests for chromosome disorders, and is 99.8% reliable for chromosome number, there is however a risk of miscarriage (usually 1/250 or less) after the procedure. This is one of the reasons why amniocentesis has only been offered to over 35s (since they have a much higher risk of having a Down syndrome child)(Webb 1990). Previous studies on amniocentesis concentrated on problems that might arise during pregnancy or immediately after, these studies found that children whose mothers had amniocentesis are more likely to have breathing problems in the first few days after birth. A study performed by Jo-Anne Finegan in Toronto followed 88 women who had, had amniocentesis, there was an increased incidence of ear infection in this group. Finegan tested the stiffness of the eardrum and found children in the amniocentesis group were more than three times as likely to have abnormal readings. It is thought that there is a disruption of the delicate balance of pressure across the eardrum when the amniotic fluid is removed, which could cause the problems(Webb 1990). Chorionic villus sampling is another form of sampling, it involves taking a small piece of placenta and genetic testing is carried out on it, there is a slightly higher chance of foetal loss wi th this procedure (Dick 1996). A more recent form of prenatal testing involves serum markers. Blood is taken from the pregnant women and the maternal blood is tested for three hormones, this test is called the triple screen test. The three hormones tested are alpha foeto-protein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and oestradiol (E3). AFP is based on the fact that Down syndrome foetuses tend to be smaller on average, have smaller placentas and thus secrete less AFP. All three hormones can be tested individually, but are not so reliable this way. AFP results detect 20%-25% if carried out alone (Cuckle 1984), tests combining more than one measure detected 48%-91%. A study using AFP and HCG detected 90% of cases in women over 35 and 43% in women under 30, it also found that detection rates were better when the test was performed before week 17 (Gouldie et al 1995). Prenatal sonography looks at the foetus using ultrasound, by measuring the iliac angle in the pelvis the risk of Do wn syndrome can be measured. A study performed shows that the mean iliac angle is 60o for normal foetuses and 75o in foetuses with Down syndrome, by measuring the iliac angle in foetuses the liklihood of Down syndrome can be worked out, for example if the iliac angle is 50o the liklihood is 1/588 of the foetus having trisomy 21, if however the angle is 80o then the chance is 1/50. This type of prenatal testing although not as reliable as amniocentesis is much safer. Saridogan et al 1996 pointed out a number of reasons why Down syndrome may not be detected, first of all women may decline the test, this may be due to ignorance of the test or to cultural/religous reasons. Another reason may be due to the late presentation of the woman, as stated above testing before week 17 gives the best results. The triple test is not 100% reliable, there are incidences when there is a negative test, and the child is born with Down syndrome the reason for this is not always known. .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 , .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .postImageUrl , .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 , .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8:hover , .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8:visited , .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8:active { border:0!important; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8:active , .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8 .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0ebee32e1365d65ce2e4c8e18717cd8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Economic tern English-Chinese Essay Prenatal Screening ProceduresIn an uncomplicated pregnancy, expect about a dozen doctor visits First VisitBlood tests: To check the womans blood group and sometimes, to check for presence of hepatitis B virus, which might be transmitted to the baby. Cervical smear test: To test for an early cancer of the cervix (if a test has not been performed recently). Also called a Pap smear. First Visit and Throughout the PregnancyBlood tests: To check for anemia in the woman, and in women with Rh-negative blood groups, to look for the presence of Rhesus antibodies. Urine test: To check for proteinuria, which could indicate a urinary tract infection or preeclampsia. Blood and urine test: To check for diabetes mellitus. Blood pressure check: To screen for hypertension, which interferes with blood supply to the placenta and is a sign of preeclampsia. First Visit and After ANY InfectionBlood tests: To screen for rubella, which can cause defects in the baby, and for syphilis and HIV (the AIDS virus) which can also be passed on. First 12 WeeksChorionic villus sampling: May be performed if there is a risk of certain genetic (inherited) disorders being passed on. 16 to 18 WeeksUltrasound scanning: Is carried out to date the pregnancy accurately and to detect any abnormalities present in the fetus. Amniocentesis: Carried out on older women and those with spina bifida or Downs syndrome to detect possible abnormalities in the fetus. Blood test: In some cases, the amount of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood is tested to determine whether the baby has spina bifida. Fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling: In some cases, these are carried out if there is doubt about the normality of the baby. High-risk or overdue pregnancies Blood and urine tests: To assess placental function and fetus health. Electronic fetal monitoring: To check on the fetal heart beat. Ultrasound scanning: Extra scans may be recommended to assess fetal growth and development, location of placenta, amount of amniotic fluid. SOURCE: Encyclopedia of Medicine, American Medical Association, Random House, 1989.

Wuthering Heights Essay Research Paper At the free essay sample

Wuthering Highs Essay, Research Paper At the beginning of Wuthering Heights Lockwoode makes a error in presuming that immature Catherine II was Heathcliffe? s married woman. It is easy to see how he, a alien unfamiliar with the Earnshaw-Linton household history could hold made such a error. But, had Lockwoode known about the life of the adult female Heathcliffe had ever wanted to get married, Catherine I, and so hold been able to compare it to life of her girl, Catherine II, he would neer hold been able to do that error, for the lives of the female parent and girl were every bit different as dark and twenty-four hours. To get down, Heathcliffe, the current maestro of the house in which Lockwoode was remaining, loved Catherine I more than anything in the universe. They spent hours, even yearss at a clip together, and about ever cherished each other? s company. Their relationship, nevertheless, was non one of societal peers. Through a series of events, Heathcliffe had become Catherine? s retainer, and it was for this ground that Catherine refused to get married the adult male she loved, experiencing that it would ? degrade? her to make so. It is, among other things, because of this that Heathcliffe hates Catherine II with all his bosom. To him, she is a symbol of the adult female he could neer hold because of his lowly position. Through no mistake of her ain, she becomes the object of his hate and is treated much worse than her female parent of all time was ; Heathcliffe even makes her his retainer. Her relationship with Heathcliffe is at the opposite terminal of the spectrum when comparing it to that of her female parent. Heathcliffe loved Catherine I, but hates Catherine II. Heathcliffe was Catherine I? s retainer, but Catherine II has become Heathcliffe? s retainer. Equally far as married life goes, neither Catherine I nor Catherine II married who they genuinely loved, but however, Catherine I still managed to acquire along with her hubby, Edgar Linton, and in exchange for the undertaking of get marrieding this adult male whom she did non love, she received a encouragement in her societal standing, and she secured for herself a life of comfort and finacial stableness. Catherine II, on the other manus, is forced ( by Heathcliffe ) to get married Linton Heathcliffe, a adult male for whom she has no love